ВЕЖБЕ

Ovo je interaktivni deo elektronskog kursa Vodič kroz pregovore Srbije i Evropske unije. Sastoji se iz dva dela.

Prvi deo, pod naslovom Jezik pregovaranja, čini spisak korisnih fraza na engleskom jeziku, kviz o pregovaranju, saveti za pisanje uvodnog izlaganja, primeri upotrebe formalnog engleskog jezika i vežbe koje će Vam pružiti mogućnost da proverite svoja znanja. U određenim segmentima naići ćete na delove za koje smo smatrali da je dobro provežbati ih na engleskom jeziku.

Drugi deo čini test znanja o sadržaju pregovaračkih poglavlja, akterima, fazama, predmetu i principima pristupnih pregovora i on je, u celosti, na srpskom jeziku. Link >>

JEZIK PREGOVARANJA

KVIZ O PREGOVORIMA


Da li su sledeće tvrdnje tačne ili netačne? Molimo Vas, odgovorite na pitanje tako što ćete kliknuti na slovo T kada smatrate da je tvrdnja tačna ili na slovo N ako mislite da je netačna.


1. Dobar pregovarač provodi više vremena slušajući nego pričajući?
T / N
2. Važnije je postići dogovor koji predstavlja paket (dogovor o svim temama), nego dogovarati teme pojedinačno.
T / N
3. Treba se obazrivo dogovarati i slagati sa drugom državom ukoliko želimo da sačuvamo prijateljske odnose sa istom.
T / N
4. Prihvatljivo je lagati tokom pregovora.
T / N
5. Trebalo bi otkriti koji interesi se kriju iza (pregovaračke) pozicije druge strane.
T / N
6. Važno je biti konstruktivan tokom pregovora i imati pisane predloge izmena i dopuna.
T / N


FORMAL AND INFORMAL LANGUAGE



One of the challenges of attending formal negotiations lies in mastering the ability to move between shades of formal, neutral and informal language. As a general rule, Latin-based words are more formal than their Anglo-Saxon/Germanic counterparts.

U odgovarajuće kolone u tabeli ispod, postavite sledeće fraze tako što ćete upisati slovo pod kojim se nalazi ona fraza za koju smatrate da tu pripada.

  Most Formal Most Neutral Most Informal
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

1.
a)  Hello.  Pleased to meet you.
b)  Hi! How are you doing?
c)  How do you do?

2.
a)  Let me say again…
b)  May I reiterate…
c)  Can I repeat…

3.
a)  This matter will warrant further discussion.
b)  We’ll need to talk about this again.
c)  We’ll need to discuss this further.

4.
a)  We’ll have to stick to this policy if we want to get anywhere.
b)  We’ll have to adhere to this policy if we want to be successful.
c)  This policy will have to be adhered to if we wish to succeed.

5.
a)  It is with great regret that we are unable to accept your proposal.
b) We regret that we can’t accept your proposal.
c) Really sorry, but we can’t accept your proposal.

6.
a)  If you need any more information…
b)  If you require any further information…
c)  If you need anything else…



MEETING PHRASES

Taking the floor

Expressing an opinion

Showing interest in what the speaker is saying

Asking for repetition

Asking for an explanation

Moving on

LANGUAGE OF FORMAL INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS

Checklist

Address the Chair

  • Mr Chairman
  • Madam Chair
  • Chair

Congratulate/compliment the Chair

  • Our delegation/I would like to thank the Chairman for his/her

Take the floor/indicate that you have finished speaking

  • Thank you Mr Chairman/Madam Chair

Refer to another delegate

  • To respond to a comment made earlier by the distinguished representative of

Refer to your own delegation

  • My delegation is
  • We...

Agree with other delegates’ positions

  • We fully agree with
  • We are also of the view that

Make a suggestion

  • We would like to propose that
  • We feel it might be useful if

Indicate that you are still dissatisfied with an issue and would like to pursue it further

  • We appreciate the comments made by the distinguished representative of India, but…

Present your delegation’s position

  • Mr Chair, my delegation believes
  • From my delegation’s point of view


KAKO SE PIŠE UVODNO IZLAGANJE


Uvodna reč treba da:

 

Kada pišete uvodnu reč razmislite o:

 

Obraćanje predsedavajućem

Tradicija je da na formalnim sastancima govornik izlaganje započne obraćanjem predsedavajućem. Radi uštede vremena, ova tradicija je prekinuta na mnogim sastancima i konferencijama, ali ne na svim. Važno je uspostaviti formu za sastanke kojima prisustvujete.

PRIMER: Izvod sa sastanka Saveta bezbednosti UN 2004. godine

President (China): I shall now give the floor to The Honourable Keith Desmond Knight, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Jamaica.
Mr. Knight (Jamaica): Allow me at the outset to express my congratulations to you, Sir, on your leadership of the Security Council during the month of February. Your diplomatic skills and gracious style have obviously ensured the smooth and effective handling of the various matters which have come before the Council. I had the pleasure of visiting your great country just over a week ago, and I was impressed by its progress and its economic development, as well as by its strong support for multilateralism and the international system. I wish to thank you and the Council for acting promptly on my request to convene this meeting, and I am pleased to see the Secretary-General, who I know has a keen interest in this matter.

       Vi ćete možda biti deseti ili dvanaesti predstavnik/delegacija koji će izlagati nakon što su se sve prethodne delegacije obratile predsedavajućem. U tom slučaju možete upotrebiti sledeće fraze:

VEŽBA: Primer uvodnog izlaganja

Sledi primer skraćene verzije izlaganja južnoafričke delegacije u Savetu bezbednosti UN od marta 2004. godine. Popunite prazna mesta koristeći sledeće reči/fraze:

 

The President(spoke in French): I now call on the representative of South Africa.
Mr. Kumalo(South Africa): ……………………….my delegation’s appreciation to you, Mr.President, for convening this important debate on threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts. I ……………………….Ambassador Arias of Spain for the exemplary manner in which he has chaired the Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC).
My delegation …………………..the efforts to make the CTC more proactive in facilitating the provision of technical assistance to Member States and in promoting closer coordination and cooperation with relevant international organizations (full stop)……………., we believe it would be important for the Council to acknowledge, on behalf of Member States, the great lengths already gone to by many Governments around
the world in bringing their national legislation in line with the requirements of the Security Council. We believe it is necessary that those factors …………….when deliberations on any new counter-terrorism measures are being considered.
South Africa ………….the approach always followed by the CTC — that of adopting decisions by consensus. The Committee’s practice of promoting cooperation and dialogue among sovereign and equal Member States …………….and should continue to inform the Committee’s work.
The South African Government ………………..in further refining and improving
its national counter-terrorism capabilities, and comprehensive new counter-terrorism legislation is currently before our Parliament (full stop). …………., we are well aware that terrorism is a complex global phenomenon that can often be linked with other forms of organized transnational crime. We ………………that it can be addressed effectively only through sustained international cooperation. That would include the need to resolve conflicts in all parts of the globe and a joint commitment by the international community to eradicate poverty and underdevelopment.
………………………………, and we affirm that it is necessary to abide by it. International consensus on Security Council resolution 1373 (2001) and the work that has been done are a matter of prime importance that should not be neglected, regardless of any wish to do so. We also agree with paragraph 3 of the report, which relates to the objectives of revitalization. We hope that Council members will discuss that paragraph…………………………...
 Thank you Mr President.

Primer uvodnog izlaganja u celosti

The President (spoke in French): I now call on the representative of South Africa.
Mr. Kumalo (South Africa): I would like to convey my delegation’s appreciation to you, Mr.President, for convening this important debate on threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts. I would also like to thank Ambassador Arias of Spain for the exemplary manner in which he has chaired the Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC).
My delegation is encouraged by the efforts to make the CTC more proactive in facilitating the provision of technical assistance to Member States and in promoting closer coordination and cooperation with relevant international organizations. At the same time, we believe it would be important for the Council to acknowledge, on behalf of Member States, the great lengths already gone to by many Governments around the world in bringing their national legislation in line with the requirements of the Security Council. We believe it is necessary that those factors be taken into account when deliberations on any new counter-terrorism measures are being considered.
South Africa supports the approach always followed by the CTC — that of adopting decisions by consensus. The Committee’s practice of promoting cooperation and dialogue among sovereign and equal Member States is also commendable and should continue to inform the Committee’s work.
The South African Government has made significant progress in further refining and improving its national counter-terrorism capabilities, and comprehensive new counter-terrorism legislation is currently before our Parliament. However, we are well aware that terrorism is a complex global phenomenon that can often be linked with other forms of organized transnational crime. We therefore acknowledge that it can be addressed effectively only through sustained international cooperation. That would include the need to resolve conflicts in all parts of the globe and a joint commitment by the international community to eradicate poverty and underdevelopment.
My delegation agrees with that principle, and we affirm that it is necessary to abide by it. International consensus on Security Council resolution 1373 (2001) and the work that has been done are a matter of prime importance that should not be neglected, regardless of any wish to do so. We also agree with paragraph 3 of the report, which relates to the objectives of revitalization. We hope that Council members will discuss that paragraph with all the necessary scrutiny
Thank you Mr President.


LANGUAGE WORKSHOP


Koje rečenice su tačne, po Vašem mišljenju? Zaokružite onu za koju smatrate da je ispravna tako što ćete kliknuti na slovo ispred nje.

(a) This case sets an important precedent.
(b) This case sets an important precedence.

(c) This amendment implies change.
(d) This amendment applies change.

(e) I refer to the article 3.
(f) I refer to article 3.

(g) As you may be aware of, there are 3 proposals on the table.
(h) As you may be aware, there are 3 proposals on the table.

(i) This sentence should be stricken out.
(j) This sentence should be struck out.

(k) We suggest deleting the text.
(l) We suggest to delete the text.

(m) There is one more item on the agenda to discuss.
(n) It is one more item on the agenda to discuss.

(o) Against this background, we would argue as follows:-
(p) On this background, we would argue as follows:-

(q) We need to effect change.
(r) We need to affect change.

(s) This effects our country.
(t) This affects our country.

(u) Please see the amendment to the paragraph 15.
(v) Please see the amendment to paragraph 15.

(w) The Serbian delegation have…
(x) The Serbian delegation has…

(y) I have some comments on the agenda.
(z) I have some comments to the agenda.

Povežite izraz na levoj strani sa tačnom definicijom na desnoj strani tako što ćete u kolonu Answer upisati broj koji se nalazi ispred tačnog izraza.

 

Term

Answer

Definition

1.

Retrofitting

The principle that matters should be handled at the lowest governmental level where possible

2.

Mitigating

Pilot projects

3.

Proportionality principle

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

4.

Subsidiarity

The principle that the extent of the action must be in keeping with the aim pursued.

5.

Emissions

To organise something on a larger scale

6.

To scale-up

Fitting something at a later stage

7.

Early demonstrations

To control and use the force of something

8.

Sustainable development

A general term for natural energy resources which can be replaced by new growth

9.

CCS deployment

Reducing the serious effects of something

10.

Renewables

To make effective use of CCS

11.

To harness

Waste substances released into the air or water





KORISNE FRAZE ZA IZLAGANJE NA ENGLESKOM

Welcome and Introduction

Introducing Subject of Talk

Length of Talk

Explain Structure of Presentation

Dealing with Questions

Sequencing/Ordering Ideas

Rhetorical and Interactive questioning

Referring to an overhead etc.

Signalling the end of a presentation

Summarizing

Concluding

Closing

Dealing with difficult questions


10 POINT STRATEGY FOR PRESENTING IN ENGLISH


1. Get your message across

It is estimated that 24 hours after listening to a speech, the audience will remember about 7% of what was actually said. 38% of the impact of a message will be vocal and 55% non verbal. These figures vary, depending on the research, but it is generally agreed that non-verbal and vocal communication leave a greater impression than the actual words used. In other words, the words only communicate a part of your message. The Chinese symbol for listening includes four elements: ear, eye, undivided attention, and heart. You need to capture the heart of your audience

2. KISS principle

Keep it simple! According to the KISS principle, simple systems work best. The same goes for presentations. Unless you are dealing with a highly technical issue, keep your language simple and your sentences short. That way, you will feel more relaxed talking and your audience will have a better chance of understanding you. It is not easy to make ourselves understood in any tongue. Overcomplicated language can block understanding, particularly when your audience is not made up of mother-tongue speakers. The plain English campaign website has a useful list of alternatives for complicated words. http://www.plainenglish.co.uk/alternative.pdf

3. Use signposting

As a passenger in a car, you like to know where you are going and the same goes for your audience. Let your audience know where you are taking them, by making effective use of signaling language. That way, your audience will feel more relaxed and able to listen to you.

4. Check pronunciation

If you are not sure how to pronounce a key word in your text, look it up before your presentation. Stumbling over difficult words may mean you lose the audience’s confidence. It can also make you difficult to understand. Check the phonetic spelling in a good dictionary or look at the Merriam-Webster online dictionary and listen to the correct pronunciation.

5. Use synonyms

Avoid getting stuck on one word and repeating it too many times during your presentation. Saying the same thing in slightly different ways helps you to get your message across. Use a good English-English dictionary to find alternatives. For example, instead of “huge” (which is difficult for Scandinavians to pronounce) try “considerable”, “significant”, “noticeable” etc.

6. Breathe

We often talk too fast when we are nervous, and can leave our audience trailing in our wake. Remember to breathe during your presentation and speak at a measured speed. Pause before an important point to maximize your impact. Don’t deliver your presentation as if you are in a hurry to catch a train!

7. Remember non-verbal & para-verbal communication

As stated above, only part of your message is conveyed through your words. Remember that your voice is an instrument and can be used to great effect. It is very easy to lose your audience’s attention during a presentation. Raise/lower your voice and alter the speed at which you are talking. Think about the following; good tone and voice quality, varied intonation, clear speech, how you are dressed, enthusiasm and positive body language that is consistent with the words you are using. All of these are independent of your ability to speak English.

8. Practice

It will help your confidence enormously if you have run through your presentation in advance at least once. Entertain friends and family or just yourself. You will get an idea of the overall impact if you practise your presentation in front of a mirror, or have the opportunity to film your presentation.

9. Throw away your script.

Our voices become monotonous when we read from a script and our energy is directed away from the audience. Practice with a script, if it helps you, but limit yourself to a few cue-cards with bullet points for your actual presentation. Your voice will sound much livelier, and it will be far easier for you to hold your audience’s attention.

10. Have fun!

Enjoy yourself, and your audience will relax and be with you. Forgetting a word here and there is not a matter of life and death. You always have the chance to improve your performance at your next presentation.

Useful link
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yl_FJAOcFgQ